Thirdly, paralegals can ensure that their clients obtain health services by taking medicines directly to the clients or encouraging the law enforcement agencies to refer the clients to health services. Secondly, paralegals help clients to be more aware of their health-related rights, especially regarding their rights to obtain health services inside detention. Firstly, most of the paralegals checked their clients' health in all stages of detention, especially regarding their drug dependency status and checking for signs of torture. The paralegals make important contributions to health-related rights in four distinct ways. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, and, for the qualitative data, thematic analysis was conducted. In 2016, a quantitative survey was administered to LBHM-trained paralegals and a sub-set of paralegals who completed the survey were then also interviewed. This mixed methods research was carried out in 2016-2018. The positive results these paralegals can bring in the specific context can contribute to the development of community-based paralegals elsewhere. This study assesses the health and other impacts of paralegals recruited by Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat (LBHM), a human rights organization which provides legal assistance and operates in Jakarta, Indonesia. Having a common background with their clients and being capable of conducting flexible work, paralegals' role moves beyond enlarging the beneficiaries of legal aid to addressing intersectional issues around health-related rights. The paper concludes with a caution that practitioners need to start with the health challenges they are trying to address, and then assess whether legal empowerment is an appropriate approach, rather than seeing it as a silver bullet.Īll around the world, the paralegal program prepares members of marginalized communities to face the legal system. Several gaps also became evident through the review, including lack of work on private health providers, lack of discussion of the ‘empowerment’ effects of legal empowerment programs, and limited exploration of risk and sustainability. Finally, the review also highlights the importance of trust-trust in state institutions, trust in the paralegals who support the process and trust in the channels of engagement with public authorities for grievance redress. Third, for this potential to be realised, legal empowerment entails building capacity of service providers and other duty bearers on health and related rights. However, legal empowerment as a strategy that pursues collective and individual remedies has the potential to contribute to structural change. Second, the legal empowerment approach tends to be focussed on issues that communities themselves prioritize, often narrowly defined local challenges. The key findings were: first, there is very limited documentation on the use of legal empowerment strategies for improving health services. Peer-reviewed and grey literature were identified via keyword searches, and interviewees were identified by searching an organizational database and snowball sampling. The review included three main sources of data: 1) peer-reviewed literature, 2) grey literature, and 3) interviews with key legal empowerment stakeholders. The review identifies lessons learned regarding legal empowerment program strategy, as well as impact on health empowerment and health outcomes, research gaps, areas of consensus and tension in the field. This paper presents the results of a scoping review that examines the extent to which legal empowerment has been used as a strategy in efforts to improve access to quality health services in low- and middle-income countries.
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